The sale of indulgences:
In the mid-fifteenth century, the Church of Rome was very corrupt: the popes were accused of nepotism, of favors to relatives in the very high charges companies (even the legitimate children because their vow of chastity was not met), and had no more money to continue construction of the basilica of St. Peter. The sculptors, painters, goldsmiths and architects are expensive. Then came the sale of indulgences, if someone knew a relative of his was not really a "saint" in life, could pay a huge sum to save the 'soul of the deceased or even your own. The pope
most magnificent and corrupt of all was Alexander VI Borgia, who was accused of favoring his legitimate children Cesare and Lucrezia.
In fact, it was the sale of indulgences, corruption and nepotism of the Church to provoke the protest of Luther in German lands.
and Martin Luther's 95 Theses: Martin Luther
was born in 1483 in Germany and, after studying law and graduating in theology became Monaco 's order of St. Augustine.
At some point in his life, he decided to go on pilgrimage to Rome with another Monaco.
There, he saw that senior Church leaders did not respect the rules of Christianity. He was very shocked to see that the head of the Church was very corrupt.
When he returned to Germany, was hit by a strong spiritual crisis: it is said that was locked in his cell for hours and confessed to 'about every five minutes.
One day, October 31, 1517, Luther nailed to the door of the cathedral of Wittenberg, his 95 theses which opposed the sale of indulgences. According to Luther, the 'man would reach heaven only through faith in God, and not through his works. Moreover, according to him all the faithful might have come into a direct relationship with God, without intermediaries: for the "priests" Protestants are called "shepherds" taking an old term previously used in the Bible, because they have the task of leading the faithful ( as "lost sheep") in the divine realm. Moreover, according to Luther, the seven Catholic sacraments (baptism, reconciliation, or confession, Eucharist, confirmation of their faith that is the confirmation, ordination, marriage, anointing of the sick) were reduced to two: baptism and Eucharist as the other five were not recorded in the Bible. Luther, I thought that the shepherds were married, because he married a former nun.
's accusation of heresy and excommunication:
The 95 arrived at the papal court argument that most branded as heretical and Luther was warned: if he had not retracted his thoughts would have been excommunicated.
And so it happened. But Luther was not discouraged: December 10, 1520 he publicly burned the bull of Pope Leo X. Exurge domine
In Germany, the power of the Church of Rome was very strong, so the general public was very hostile. Luther was supported and endorsed by both the German princes who for many people, tired of having to pay taxes to the Church.
addition, the Dominicans asked his summons to Rome for a trial in front of the Sant 'Office. The people, however, was a close friend of Luther, as well as Prince Frederick of Saxony, one of the electors of the emperor '.
So Luther had to go to Rome and devoted himself to translating the Bible into German
Luther is supported by the German people but the farmers rebelled:
Martin Luther was well supported by all social classes in Germany: the bourgeoisie, nobility, gentry and the countless armies of peasants. But with all of the reasons
specific: they hoped that the lands of the Church in Germany were confiscated.
farmers instead wanted the 'equality of all and based on the Gospel for more justice rebelled. But Luther does not support them, indeed, said that all the faithful must obey his master and, after numerous battles, in 1525, the peasants were defeated with at least 100,000 victims.
The German princes and rebels Charles V:
Almost all the German princes joined the reform. But the 'Emperor Charles V was Catholic and the riots were not directed only to the Church but also to' emperor.
He wanted some time to reconciliation between the Roman Church and the Lutherans in 1521 and summoned to Worms Luther himself, hoping to get him to recant his ideas. But Luther did not accept and then finally sided with Charles V from the Church.
After 1531 he started a veritable war of religion, but the principles Lutherans were able to resist the 'imperial army.
To put an end to these bloody battles, in 1555 it came to the Peace of Augsburg which provided freedom of religion but it was only for princes and nobles.
The world is permanently divided Germany:
Since then, the German world is permanently divided into two parts: a northern Protestant states such as Brandenburg, Saxony and Prussia and the Catholic south as Bavaria and 'Austria.
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